Identificación y selección de portainjertos tetraploides de cítricos por medio de citometría de flujo y análisis de colorimetría de hojas

Miguel F. Garavello; José M. Recalde; Fernando Bello; Florencia Galdeano; Paula Alayón Luaces

doi:10.30972/bon.3428556

Autores/as

Miguel F. Garavello Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0688
José M. Recalde Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6259-1988
Fernando Bello Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5281-9521
Florencia Galdeano Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-271X
Paula Alayón Luaces Cátedra deFruticultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-5923

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.3428556

Palabras clave:

Citrus, contenido de ADN, croma, poliploides

Resumen

La citricultura en Argentina ocupa un lugar destacado a nivel mundial, con una producción concentrada principalmente en las regiones del noroeste argentino (NOA) y noreste argentino (NEA). El cultivo moderno de cítricos requiere el uso de portainjertos como herramienta esencial para mejorar la uniformidad, la productividad y la resistencia frente a condiciones adversas. Este estudio se centró en la identificación y selección de portainjertos tetraploides espontáneos a partir de cinco genotipos: ‘Trifolio Concordia’ [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]; ‘Rubidoux’ (P. trifoliata); ‘X639’ (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka × P. trifoliata); ‘Citrange Troyer’ [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × P. trifoliata]; y ‘Citrumelo Swingle’ (Citrus paradisi Macfad. × P. trifoliata). A partir de la evaluación morfológica y la citometría de flujo, se confirmaron 13 plantas tetraploides entre 37 candidatos seleccionados. Los porcentajes variaron entre el 66,7% en ‘Rubidoux’ y el 12,5% en ‘Citrumelo Swingle’. La citometría demostró alta eficiencia en la detección, mientras que la colorimetría foliar permitió diferenciar diploides y tetraploides con variaciones destacadas en ‘X639’ (L* = 5.1; a* = –3.5; b* = 7.6). Estos hallazgos brindan herramientas clave para optimizar la selección de portainjertos en la citricultura moderna.

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Citas

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