Cruzamiento exitoso de Arachis duranensis como madre con A. ipaёnsis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.3316981Palabras clave:
Donante de genoma A, donante de genoma B, híbrido, origen del maní cultivadoResumen
Arachis hypogaea L. se originó en América del Sur y ha sido llevado a gran parte de las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del mundo como un valioso cultivo alimenticio con alto contenido de proteínas y como una fuente de aceite insaturado. El origen del maní cultivado, 2n = 4x = 40, ha sido objeto de muchas discusiones, pero la mayoría concuerda en que A. duranensis sería el donante del genoma A y A. ipaënsis el donante B; ambos diploides con 2n = 20. También es objeto de debate si la duplicación cromosómica de este híbrido ocurrió en un entorno natural o en el jardín de un cazador-recolector-cultivador. Los análisis moleculares han establecido que A. duranensis fue el progenitor femenino del cruzamiento. Hasta hace poco nadie había tenido éxito en hacer el cruzamiento y establecer plantas del mismo en esa dirección. El cruzamiento recíproco se logra fácilmente y se ha informado varias veces. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es informar sobre el éxito del cruzamiento y el desarrollo de plantas híbridas, anfidiploides y poblaciones del híbrido A. duranensis × A. ipaënsis.
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