Over the last decade, virtual learning environments have gained prominence at all academic levels, driven by technological advancements and the need for flexible and accessible learning modalities. Their effective management involves not only the use of digital platforms but also the reconsideration of pedagogical, institutional, and technological practices. This study analyzes current trends in the management of these environments through a systematic literature review published between 2018 and 2024, with the aim of identifying key categories that help explain emerging transformations and challenges. The
PRISMA methodology was applied, and searches were conducted in Scopus, ERIC, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, and Google Scholar. Twenty-nine peer-reviewed articles in Spanish or English focusing on higher education were selected. The thematic analysis yielded five main categories: accessibility and digital inclusion; integration of emerging technologies; innovative pedagogical strategies; sustainability and digital governance; and open educational resources. Digital equity remains a central challenge, while technologies such as artificial intelligence support personalized learning. Strategies such as flipped learning and gamification have proven effective in increasing student engagement. The study concludes that managing virtual environments requires a systemic and strategic approach based on inclusive, sustainable, and student-centered models that guide institutional decision-making in virtual contexts.