El Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial de la Unión Europea y su impacto en los derechos de las personas migrantes: Un análisis crítico: Un análisis crítico

Daiana Estefanía Yovan

doi:10.30972/rcd.418114

Autores/as

Daiana Estefanía Yovan CONICET-UNLa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/rcd.418114

Palabras clave:

Unión Europea, Migración, Regulación, Inteligencia Artificial, Derechos Humanos, Vigilancia, Interoperabilidad, Sesgo Algorítmico

Resumen

Este artículo examina críticamente el reciente Reglamento (UE) 2024/1689 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 13 de junio de 2024, por el que se establecen normas armonizadas en materia de inteligencia artificial y por el que se modifican los Reglamentos (CE) nº 300/2008, (UE) nº 167/2013, (UE) nº 168/2013, (UE) 2018/858, (UE) 2018/1139 y (UE) 2019/2144 y las Directivas 2014/90/UE, (UE) 2016/797 y (UE) 2020/1828 (Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial) (en adelante, RIA o Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial) de la Unión Europea (UE) desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos, con especial énfasis en su impacto sobre las personas migrantes y en movilidad. A través de un análisis detallado del marco regulatorio y sus excepciones, se argumenta que la legislación establece un régimen diferenciado que podría comprometer los derechos fundamentales de las poblaciones vulnerables, particularmente en el contexto de la migración y el control fronterizo. El estudio revela cómo las excepciones y exenciones incorporadas en el reglamento, especialmente en materia de seguridad nacional y control migratorio, podrían facilitar prácticas de vigilancia discriminatoria y socavar las protecciones previstas para otros ámbitos de aplicación, generan-do tensiones con otros marcos normativos europeos como los de interoperabilidad y protección de datos.

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