Streptococcus uberis y su importancia como agente causal de la mastitis bovina

A. Stempler; A. J. Muñoz; M. F. Lucas

doi:10.30972/vet.3326181

Autores/as

A. Stempler Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
A. J. Muñoz Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
M. F. Lucas Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3326181

Palabras clave:

Streptococcus uberis, Mastitis bovina

Resumen

A nivel nacional e internacional, la prevalencia relativa de mastitis causada por Streptococcus uberis fue aumentando a lo largo del tiempo. S. uberis ha sido descripto como agente causal de mastitis bovina de origen ambiental, aunque se lo considera potencialmente contagioso. Los términos “cepas bien adaptadas” o “cepas poco adaptadas” al hospedador son utilizados para referirse a cepas contagiosas o ambientales, respectivamente. La incorporación de técnicas moleculares ha permitido caracterizar distintos perfiles genéticos de S. uberis como factores de virulencia asociados a su patogenicidad y en ese contexto, los genes SUAM y pauA demostraron un alto grado de conservación e inmunogenicidad. Aunque se identificaron diversos reservorios de S. uberis en el ambiente, las estrategias de prevención de este tipo de mastitis no solo se basan en la reducción de la exposición ambiental, sino que contemplan el riesgo de contagio durante el ordeño. En general los casos clínicos son tratados con antimicrobianos durante el período de lactancia, mientras que las mastitis subclínicas se combaten al momento del secado. Si bien se sabe que responden a la terapia local convencional, se ha probado que el uso de terapia extendida durante 5 a 8 días mejora significativamente los resultados en términos de cura bacteriológica. Existen reportes de resistencia a los antibióticos y aunque los niveles hallados para betalactámicos, fluoroquinolonas y macrólidos son relativamente bajos, a la fecha se ha detectado un incremento en la resistencia de S. uberis a tetraciclinas, llegando de niveles moderados a altos.

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