Interpretación de los gases arteriales en caninos con patologías respiratorias

P. M. Bermúdez-Duarte; E. A. Dalmau-Barros

doi:10.30972/vet.3517485

Autores/as

P. M. Bermúdez-Duarte Universidad de la Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Medicina veterinaria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-3539
E. A. Dalmau-Barros Universidad de la Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Medicina veterinaria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-8491

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3517485

Palabras clave:

PaO2, PaCO2, oxigenación y ventilación, perros

Resumen

La medición de gases arteriales es una herramienta diagnóstica útil para evaluar la función pulmonar respecto del intercambio de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono entre alvéolos y capilares sanguíneos, por tanto, es fundamental en el abordaje del paciente canino con disfunción respiratoria. La interpretación de la presión arterial de oxígeno y la presión arterial de dióxido de carbono permiten la identificación de fallas en la oxigenación y ventilación. Para estimar el mecanismo que subyace a la hipoxia y por tanto el pronóstico de la condición, el gradiente alvéolo-arterial se debe calcular, preferiblemente previo a la terapia con oxígeno; mientras que para evaluar el grado de severidad de la disfunción pulmonar en un paciente sometido a fracciones inspiradas de oxígeno superiores a 21%, así como la respuesta a la oxigenoterapia, es útil monitorear el radio PaO2/FiO2. Los radios SaO2/FiO2 y SpO2/FiO2 son recursos diagnósticos que actualmente se están investigando como indicadores de falla en la oxigenación con resultados preliminares prometedores en caninos. Esta revisión pretende presentar de forma concisa, la aplicación actual de dichos indicadores en la evaluación de la función pulmonar en los caninos con patologías primarias o secundarias del tracto respiratorio.

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