Estrés oxidativo durante la maduración in vitro de ovocitos bovinos: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3719105Palabras clave:
competencia ovocitaria, cultivo in vitroResumen
La producción in vitro (PIV) de embriones bovinos se ha consolidado como la biotecnología reproductiva más difundida a nivel global. Dentro de este sistema, la maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos constituye un punto crítico, ya que durante este proceso ocurren transformaciones nucleares, citoplasmáticas y del cúmulo que determinan la competencia para la fecundación y el desarrollo embrionario. La MIV es altamente sensible a factores ambientales como el tiempo de cultivo, la temperatura, el pH, la concentración de oxígeno, la exposición a la luz, los cuales pueden inducir estrés oxidativo y comprometer la viabilidad celular. La sobreproducción de especies reactivas de oxígeno daña estructuras esenciales como el ADN, las proteínas y las mitocondrias, afectando la maduración y el posterior desarrollo del embrión. Estudios recientes evidencian que el cultivo prolongado y las fluctuaciones térmicas generan una memoria molecular que reduce la competencia ovocitaria, aun en condiciones posteriores normales. Frente a estas limitaciones, se han propuesto diversas estrategias. La suplementación con antioxidantes como cisteamina, L-cisteína, melatonina, epigalocatequina, resveratrol, vitamina C y ácidos grasos omega-3 ha mostrado efectos positivos en la maduración y en la reducción del daño oxidativo, aunque con resultados variables. Más recientemente, el ácido fólico ha cobrado relevancia por sus efectos antioxidantes y epigenéticos, al inhibir la ferroptosis y mejorar la competencia ovocitaria. En conclusión, la optimización de la MIV requiere integrar el control de factores ambientales con estrategias antioxidantes y moleculares adaptadas a cada laboratorio, a fin de preservar la calidad ovocitaria y maximizar el potencial de desarrollo embrionario
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sabrina Itatí Romero Monteleone, Lia Macarena Navarro Krilich, Jonatan Yostar, Franco Alejandro Dellavalle, Adriana Capellari, Amada Eugenia Ynsaurralde-Rivolta
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