Autoimmune skin disease in dogs. Retrospective study

Abstract

A retrospective study of canine skin samples diagnosed with autoimmune disease, admitted by the Veterinary Special Pathology Laboratory, was conducted between 2004 and 2016. Purposes of the study were to identify canine cases of skin lesions and to select those with a diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Autoimmune skin diseases were related to race, age, sex, type and anatomical location of the clinical lesions and, finally, different histopathological lesions characterizing each disease. Autoimmune diseases accounted for 2.07% of the total number of cases admitted in the study period, the most frequent being pemphigus foliaceus and discoid lupus erythematosus. The purebred dogs were more affected than the mixed animals, being the anatomical location of greater presentation the dorsal region of the nose (35.3%). Among the most frequent histopathological findings were pustules (54.1%), areas of dermo-epidermal separation (45.9%) and spongiosis (44.7%). Although the percentage of canines with autoimmune dermatosis is low, it is important to include differential diagnoses of the diseases that occur with pustules, papules, vesicles and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermoepidermal junction. Histopathology is a useful and accessible tool in that allows to diagnose these diseases.