Domestic bovines as potential environmental bioindicators: analysis of oral epithelium and application in the micronucleus assay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3527859Keywords:
Agroecosystem, Biomarker, Exfoliated cells, Histology, Lining tissue, CattleAbstract
Domestic cattle (Bos Taurus) could be used as bioindicators of the quality of agroecosystems, with the possibility of alerting through cellular biomarkers about possible adverse effects of drugs administered in them or toxic contaminants in the surrounding environment. The micronucleus buccal cytome (MN-cyt buccal) assay is used in human populations for this purpose. The aim of this study was to perform the structural characterization of the epithelium in the anatomical site proposed for performing the oral MN-cyt buccal assay in this species and to describe the types and frequencies of cells with nuclear abnormalities (NA) of the bovine oral lining epithelium. Exfoliative cytology of the buccal labial epithelium of twelve castrated males was performed and 1,000 cells per animal were analyzed. The frequencies of basal and differentiated cells with NAs were established. The most frequently observed cell types and NAs were: karyolytic, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknotic, kidney-shaped, notched nuclei, binucleated, micronucleated and buds. Four grades of progression were described in nuclei with karyorrhexis. A keratinized flat stratified epithelium of 866.67±75.44 μm thick (Mean ± SD) was evidenced and the characteristics of the cells of the strata germinativum, granulosum, spinosum and corneum are delineated. In addition to being keratinized, the bovine epithelium is three to five times thicker than that recorded in humans due to more differentiated cells. In the prospective use of buccal MN-cyt in bovines, indicators of cell death should not be considered as a result of genotoxic effects that induce apoptosis, as occurs in humans; the rest of the NAs could be used as biomarkers.
Downloads
References
Amadi CN, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Sentinel species for biomonitoring and biosurveillance of environmental heavy metals in Nigeria. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. C. Toxicol. Carcinog. 2020; 38(1): 21-60.
Bacha W, Bacha L. Atlas color de histología veterinaria. 2nd ed. Buenos Aires: Intermédica; 2001 p. 121-127.
Benedetti D, Nunes E, Sarmento M, Porto C, Dos Santos CEI, Dias JF, Da Silva J. Genetic damage in soybean workers exposed to pesticides: Evaluation with the comet and buccal micronucleus cytome assays. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 2013; 752: 28-33.
Benvindo-Souza M, Borges RE, Pacheco SM, de Souza-Santos LR. Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of bats at different trophic levels. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2019a; 172: 120-127.
Benvindo-Souza M, Borges RE, Pacheco SM, de Souza Santos LR. Genotoxicological analyses of insectivorous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in central Brazil: The oral epithelium as an indicator of environmental quality. Environ. Pollut. 2019b; 245: 504-509.
Benvindo‑Souza M, Folador Sotero D, Gomes Araújo dos Santos C, Alves de Assis R, Borges RE, de Souza Santos LR, de Melo e Silva D. Genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic analysis in bats in mining area. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2023; 30:92095-92106.
Bertolino S, Bonaldo I, Wauters LA, Santovito A. A method to quantify genomic damage in mammal populations. Hystrix. 2023; 34(2):92-97.
Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S, Nersesyan A, Thomas P, Fenech M. The HUMNxl scoring criteria for different cell types and nuclear anomalies in the buccal micronucleus cytome assay – An update and expanded photogallery. Mutat. Res. 2013; 753: 100-113.
Bonassi S, Biasotti B, Kirsch-Volders M, Knasmueller S, Zeiger E, Burgaz S, Bolognesi C, Holland N, Thomas P, Fenech M, HUMNXL Project Consortium. State of the art survey of the buccal micronucleus assay a first stage in the HUMNXL project initiative. Mutagenesis. 2009; 24(4): 295-302.
Cerón Madrigal JJ. Análisis clínicos en pequeños animales. 1st ed. Ciudad autónoma de Bs As: Intermédica; 2013. p. 400.
Di Meo GP, Perucatti A, Genualdo V, Caputi-Jambrenghi A, Rasero R, Nebbia C, Iannuzzi L. Chromosome fragility in dairy cows exposed to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. Mutagenesis. 2011; 26(2): 269-272.
Díaz NV. Manual de procedimientos en anatomía patológica. 1st ed. Quito (Ecuador): Roche; 2010. p. 54-57
Ferré DM, Quero AAM, Hynes V, Saldeña EL, Lentini VR, Tornello MJ, Carracedo RT, Gorla NBM. Ensayo de micronúcleos de citoma bucal en trabajadores de fincas frutícolas que han aplicado plaguicidas alrededor de quince años. Rev. Int. de Contam. Ambient. 2018; 34(1): 23-33.
Ferré DM, Jotallan PJ, Lentini VR, Ludueña HR, Romano RR, Gorla NBM. Biomonitoring of the hematological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of the mixture cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos applications in bovines. Sci. Total Environ. 2020; 726: 138058.
Ferré DM, Gorla NBM. De relaciones tóxicas a un vínculo amoroso. El ambiente, los animales y nosotros. Buenos Aires (Argentina): EDIUNC; 2023. p.38-38, 88-97.
Folador Sotero D, Benvindo‑Souza M, de Carvalho Lopes AT, Pereira de Freitas RM, de Melo e Silva D. Damage on DNA and hematological parameters of two bat species due to heavy metal exposure in a nickel‑mining area in central Brazil. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2023; 195(8): 1000.
Frazzoli C, Bocca B, Mantovani A. The One Health Perspective in Trace Elements. Biomonitoring. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B. 2015; 18(7-8): 344-370.
Glazko TT, Astaf’eva EE, Pheophilov AV, Kushnir AV, Stolpovskii YA, Glazko VI. Intrabreed genetic differentiation of local breeds of mongolian cattle and small stock under different ecogeographic breeding conditions. Russ. Agric. Sci. 2012; 38: 133-136.
Haftek M, Simon M. Diferenciación epidérmica. Proceso de formación de la capa córnea. EMC-Dermatol. 2020; 54(1): 1-14.
Lee HJ, Kang CM, Kim SR, Kim JC, Bae CS, Oh KS, Jo SK, Kim TH, Jang JS, Kim SH. The micronucleus frequency in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of cattle in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant. J. Vet. Sci. 2007; 8(2): 117-120.
Michalová V, Galdíková M, Holečková B, Koleničová S, Schwarzbacherová V. Micronucleus Assay in Environmental Biomonitoring. Folia Vet. 2020; 62(2): 20-28.
Prata JC, Dias-Pereira P. Microplastics in terrestrial domestic animals and human health: implications for food security and food safety and their role as sentinels. Animals. 2023; 13(4): 661.
Prestin S, Rothschild SI, Betz CS, Kraft M. Measurement of epithelial thickness within the oral cavity using optical coherence tomography. Head Neck. 2012; 34(12): 1777-1781.
Quero AAM, Ferré DM, Zarco A, Cuervo P, Gorla NBM. Erythrocyte micronucleus cytome assay of 17 wild bird species from the central Monte desert, Argentina. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2016; 23: 25224-25231.
Ren W, Baig A, White DJ, Li SK. Characterization of cornified oral mucosa for iontophoretically enhanced delivery of chlorhexidine. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2016; 99: 35-44.
Ross MH, Wojciech P, Barnash TA. Atlas de Histología Descriptiva. 1st ed. Buenos Aires: Panamericana; 2012. p. 150-171.
Sa G, Xiong X, Wu T, Yang J, He S, Zhao Y. Histological features of oral epithelium in seven animal species: As a reference for selecting animal models. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016; 81: 10-17.
Santovito A, Buglisi M, Sciandra C, Scarfo M. Buccal micronucleus assay as a useful tool to evaluate the stress-associated genomic damage in shelter dogs and cats: new perspectives in animal welfare. J. Vet. Behav. 2022; 47: 22-28.
Shekhar S, Sahoo AK, Dalai N, Chaudhary P, Praveen PK, Saikhom R, Rai R. Chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle. Vet. World. 2014; 7(10): 859-862.
Sommer S, Buraczewska I, Kruszewski M. Micronucleus Assay: The State of Art, and Future Directions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020; 21(4): 1534.
Thomas P, Holland N, Bolognesi C, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Zeiger E, Knasmueller S, Fenech M. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Nat. Protoc. 2009; 4: 825-837.
Van Dijk C, Van Doorn G, Van Alfen B. Long term plant biomonitoring in the vicinity of waste incinerators in The Netherlands. Chemosphere. 2014; 122: 45-51.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Revista Veterinaria (Rev. Vet.) maintains a commitment to the policies of Open Access to scientific information, as it considers that both scientific publications as well as research investigations funded by public resources should circulate freely without restrictions. Revista Veterinaria (Rev. Vet.) ratifies the Open Access model in which scientific publications are made freely available at no cost online.