Brote 2023-2024 de Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 -Enfermedad de Aujeszky- en Argentina: características clínico-epidemiológicas y moleculares de las cepas actuantes

Macarena Williman; Sofía Ozaeta; Javier Cappuccio; Lucio Meroi; Diego Goñi; Santiago Emanuel Colina; Germán Ernesto Metz; María Serena; María Gabriela Echeverría

doi:10.30972/vet.3719049

Authors

Macarena Williman Cátedra de Virología, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-5207
Sofía Ozaeta Cátedra de Virología, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2881-9590
Javier Cappuccio Actividad Privada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9256-887X
Lucio Meroi Actividad Privada https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4765-6793
Diego Goñi Actividad Privada https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2922-5665
Santiago Emanuel Colina Cátedra de Virología, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-4770
Germán Ernesto Metz Cátedra de Virología, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-7059
María Serena Cátedra de Virología, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-8098
María Gabriela Echeverría Cátedra de Virología, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9644-3583

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3719049

Keywords:

Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1, Aujeszky's disease, viral isolation, outbreak, molecular characterization, swine production

Abstract

Aujeszky's disease (AD) was first recorded in Argentina in 1978 and, although it remains endemic in the country’s main pig-producing region, clinical cases have generally been sporadic and mostly confined to low-technology farms. However, in 2023, a technologically advanced finishing farm in southeastern Córdoba, operating under controlled biosecurity conditions and certified AD-free according to SENASA regulations, presented a clinical outbreak that initially manifested with respiratory signs. Similar symptoms subsequently appeared in two additional intensive production farms in the same region, and 60 days after the first respiratory cases, neurological signs were observed in a nearby piglet production unit. Viral strains were isolated from lung and lymph node tissues and confirmed, through molecular characterization, as Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1. During this emergency, vaccination with a gE-deleted attenuated vaccine was implemented. Nevertheless, several months later, respiratory signs reappeared in a nearby finishing facility. PCR molecular analyses were positive for gE, confirming viral circulation and ruling out vaccine reversion. The isolates obtained during this period belonged to genotype I of the Aujeszky´s disease virus, the genotype historically circulating in Argentina. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering with previously reported Argentine strains, indicating ongoing viral circulation in local farms. The outbreak in this region was likely due to deficiencies in biosecurity measures rather than the introduction of a new strain. This study also reports, for the first time, the isolation of the virus from lung and lymph node samples of finishing pigs exhibiting respiratory signs.

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