Presencia de bacterias resistentes a antimicrobianos en quirófanos de clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Villavicencio-Meta

María Camila González-Prada; Ivonne Natalia Gutiérrez-Triana; Carolina García; Adolfo Vásquez-Trujillo; Dumar Alexander  Jaramillo Hernández

doi:10.30972/vet.3719103

Autores/as

María Camila González-Prada Universidad de los Llanos, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Grupo de investigación en Farmacología Experimental y Medicina Interna – Élite, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Villavicencio 1745, Meta, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0764-0916
Ivonne Natalia Gutiérrez-Triana Universidad de los Llanos, Grupo de investigación en Farmacología Experimental y Medicina Interna – Élite, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Villavicencio 1745, Meta, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3770-9240
Carolina García Universidad de los Llanos, Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Grupo de investigación en Farmacología Experimental y Medicina Interna – Élite, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Villavicencio 1745, Meta, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-2404
Adolfo Vásquez-Trujillo Universidad de los Llanos, Grupo de investigación en Farmacología Experimental y Medicina Interna – Élite, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Villavicencio 1745, Meta, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-9223
Dumar Alexander Jaramillo Hernández Universidad de los Llanos, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Grupo de investigación en Farmacología Experimental y Medicina Interna – Élite, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Villavicencio 1745, Meta, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-1747

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3719103

Palabras clave:

Antibióticos, resistencia antimicrobiana, infecciones nosocomiales

Resumen

Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico son una de las complicaciones más comunes, y la presencia de bacterias multirresistentes en entornos quirúrgicos incrementa el riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales. En veterinaria, es necesario identificar estos agentes para comprender su impacto y fortalecer las medidas de bioseguridad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar bacterias resistentes a antimicrobianos en áreas quirúrgicas de clínicas veterinarias en Villavicencio-Meta. Se seleccionaron tres clínicas con sala quirúrgica, avaladas por la Secretaría de Salud. En cada una se recolectaron muestras en tres estratos (mesa quirúrgica, sistema de aireación y piso) y en tres momentos del procedimiento (preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y posoperatorio). Las muestras fueron sembradas en medios de cultivo especializados y posteriormente se realizó antibiograma. Los aislamientos correspondieron a Bacillus spp. y Staphylococcus spp., con mayor frecuencia de Bacillus spp. en el piso y el aire, y predominio de Staphylococcus spp. en la mesa quirúrgica. No hubo diferencias significativas entre momentos quirúrgicos (p = 0,731), ni entre superficies de la sala quirúrgica (p = 0,374), pero sí entre quirófanos de las clínicas (p = 0,004), mostrando variaciones en la carga microbiana entre establecimientos. Bacillus spp. presentó resistencia a ciprofloxacina y norfloxacina, mientras que Staphylococcus spp. a rifampicina y un comportamiento variable frente a ciprofloxacino y trimetoprim. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de reforzar los protocolos de limpieza, antisepsia y desinfección en los quirófanos veterinarios para disminuir el riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales y la diseminación de bacterias resistentes.

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