Enfermedad de almacenamiento lisosomal adquirida en cobayos: Estudio clínico-patológico comparativo del rol de la swainsonina y las calisteginas

E.N. García; A.K. Alucin; D. Giménez; A. Martínez; D. Cook; L.A. Cholich

doi:10.30972/vet.3719487

Authors

E.N. García Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, 3400. Corrientes, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-0083
A.K. Alucin Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, 3400. Corrientes, Argentina https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2720-9419
D. Giménez Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, 3400. Corrientes, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8378-7041
A. Martínez Grupo de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, INTA, 8400. San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-1104
D. Cook USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-113X
L.A. Cholich Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, 3400. Corrientes, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-8806

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3719487

Keywords:

Astragalus illini, cytoplasmic vacuolization, Ipomoea carnea, lectin histochemistry, toxic plants

Abstract

Toxic plants containing lysosomal enzyme–inhibiting alkaloids, such as Ipomoea carnea and Astragalus illini, induce acquired lysosomal storage disease, mainly in ruminants. Although swainsonine (SW) is considered the primary toxic agent, the role of calystegines remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the toxic effects of I. carnea with (IcSW+) and without SW (IcSW−), and A. illini (Ai) in guinea pigs. Treated animals showed a significant reduction in feed intake and body weight, which was more pronounced in IcSW− group. Mononuclear leukocyte vacuolization appeared earlier and was more severe in Ai and IcSW+, whereas in IcSW− it was delayed and less pronounced. Biochemically, all treated groups exhibited increased AST activity, with significantly higher values in IcSW+ compared with IcSW− and Ai. Histopathologically, cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed in the liver and kidneys of all treated groups, with greater severity in those containing SW. In the central nervous system, lesions were restricted to IcSW+ and Ai, with a higher percentage of vacuolated neurons in IcSW+. Lectin histochemistry revealed greater accumulation of glycoconjugates in groups exposed to SW, particularly in IcSW+ and Ai, correlating with lesion severity. Overall, the results indicate that calystegines contribute significantly to toxicity by potentiating the effects of SW, especially at the hepatic, renal, and neurological levels. This study provides evidence of the individual and combined toxicity of these alkaloids and highlights the importance of considering the complete metabolite profile of toxic plants when assessing their toxigenic potential

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