Parvovirus Equino-Hepatitis (EqPV-H): un nuevo virus contaminante de productos biológicos de origen veterinario

V. Ruiz; I. Alvarez

doi:10.30972/vet.3427058

Autores

V. Ruiz Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT) CICVyA, INTA Castelar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
I. Alvarez Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT) CICVyA, INTA Castelar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3427058

Palavras-chave:

Parvovirus Equino-Hepatitis, enfermedad de Theiler, productos biológicos, contaminación

Resumo

El Parvovirus Equino-Hepatitis (EqPV-H) es un nuevo integrante de la familia Parvoviridae descubierto hace apenas 5 años. Este virus fue identificado en el suero e hígado de un caballo muerto por hepatitis sérica equina, también conocida como enfermedad de Theiler. Esta enfermedad es una de las causas más comunes de hepatitis aguda y falla hepática en caballos y se ha descripto frecuentemente luego de la administración de algún producto biológico de origen equino. Numerosos reportes en los últimos años sugieren fuertemente que el EqPV-H es el agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Theiler. Comúnmente la infección es asintomática por lo que los caballos infectados pueden ser portadores sanos y servir como reservorios para la infección de otros caballos. La infección por EqPV-H fue detectada en América, Europa, Asia y Oceanía, con una prevalencia de ADN del 3,2-19,8% y una seroprevalencia de 15-34% en caballos clínicamente sanos, alcanzando valores del 90-100% en animales con enfermedad de Theiler. Se ha reportado también la presencia de ADN de EqPV-H en lotes de suero equino comercial, evidenciando el riesgo de transmisión por productos biológicos que utilicen este insumo en su proceso de manufactura. Recientemente, el Centro de Biológicos Veterinarios del Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos ha establecido que todos los productos biológicos de plasma o suero equino con licencia comercial deben ser analizados y resultar negativos para EqPV-H. Probablemente, estas restricciones sanitarias comiencen a implementarse en otros países. Este artículo resume el conocimiento publicado hasta la fecha sobre el EqPV-H, objeto de una investigación en rápida evolución.

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