Hematological alterations in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) diagnosed with Ehrlichia spp. by PCR in veterinary clinics in Northeastern Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3427049Keywords:
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, hematologic diagnosis, domestic caninesAbstract
Ehrlichiosis is a vector-borne disease that affects numerous species. It is caused by Ehrlichia spp. gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a coccoid or pleomorphic appearance that infects monocytes. Diagnosis, through clinical symptoms, is difficult given the similarity of presentation with other vector-borne disease. The evaluation of hematological parameters (hemogram and blood smear) is the first indication of the clinical veterinarian, since it is possible to find intracytoplasmic inclusions (morulae) in monocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological alterations in dogs diagnosed with Ehrlichia spp. by peripheral blood smear, and to confirm it by molecular technique (PCR). From June/2021 to July/2022 dog samples were analyzed and intracytoplasmic inclusions were identified in seven samples. The presence of anemia and thrombocytopenia without alterations in the number of leukocytes was observed in 6 of 7 blood samples. The PCR technique confirmed the initial diagnosis in 2/7 samples, amplifying the dsb 330/728 gene segment. The usefulness of hematological parameters together with the diagnostic confirmation by PCR technique is emphasized, the latter being a highly sensitive and specific method, which offers up to 100% diagnostic confidence in detecting and amplifying the DNA of Ehrlichia spp.
Downloads
References
Aguiar DM, Ziliani TF, Zhang X, Melo AL, Braga IA, Witter R. Ehrlichia genotype strain distinguished by the TRP36 gene naturally infects cattle in Brazil and causes clinical manifestations associated with ehrlichiosis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2014; 1:1-8.
Allison RW, Little SE. Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. Pathol. 2013; 42: 127-144.
Asawakarn S, Dhitavat S, Taweethavonsawat P. Evaluation of the hematological and serum protein profiles of blood parasite coinfection in naturally infected dogs. Thai J Vet Med. 2021; 51: 723-728.
Bai L, Goel P, Jhambh R, Kumar P, Joshi VG. Molecular prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs in and around Hisar, Haryana, India. J Parasit Dis. 2017; 41: 647-54.
Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Qurollo BA, Saito TB, Maggi RG, Blanton LS, Bouyer D. Intravascular persistence of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii DNA in the blood of a dog and two family members. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 298-304.
Caballero C. Caracterización clínica y hematológica de la ehrlichiosis caninaen Arica. Rev. Méd. 2010. Risaralda 2014; 20:95-100
Das M, Konar S. Clinical and hematological study of canine Ehrlichiosis with other hemoprotozoan parasites in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013; 3:11.
Derakhshandeh N, Sharifiyazdi H, Hasiri MA. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. in blood samples of dogs in southern Iran using polymerase chain reaction. Vet Res Forum 2017; 4: 347-51.
Doyle CK, Labruna MB, Breitschwerdt EB, Tang YW, Corstvet RE, Hegarty BC. Detection of medically important Ehrlichia by quantitative multicolor TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction of the dsb gene. J Mol Diagnostics 2005; 7: 504-10.
Eiras DF, Craviotto MB, Vezzani D, Eyal O. First description of natural Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys infections in dogs from Argentina. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2013; 36: 169-173.
Harrus S, Waner P, Mark Neer T. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Infections in Greene. Infectious dieseases of the dog and cat. Fourth edition 2012; 227-259.
Harrus S. Perspectives on the pathogenesis and treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis). Vet. J. 2015; 204:239-240.
La cita correcta es Kaewmongkol G, Lukkana N, Yangtara S, Kaewmongkol S, Thengchaisri N, Sirinarumitr, T, Jittapalapong S, Fenwick SG. Association of Ehrlichia canis, Hemotropic mycoplasma spp. and Anaplasma platys and severe anemia in dogs in Thailand. Vet. Microbiol. 2017; 201:195–200.
Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Billinis C, Leontides LS, Kontos V, Papadopoulos O, Rallis T, Fytianou A. Evaluation of cytology in the diagnosis of acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a comparison between five methods. Vet. Microbiol 2003; 91: 197-204.
Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. Canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Italy: current situation and perspectives. Parasites and vectors 2010; 3: 2-6.
Parashar R, Sudán V, Jaiswal AK, Srivastava A, Shanker D. Evaluación de marcadores clínicos, bioquímicos y hematológicos en la infección natural de la ehrlichiosis monocítica canina. J. Parásito. Dis 2015; 40, 1351-1354.
Parmar C, Pednekar R, Jayraw A., Gatne M. Comparative diagnostic methods for canine ehrlichiosis. 2013. Turk. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci.: 2013; 37: 3,- 6.
Peleg AY, Hogan DA, Mylonakis E. Medically important bacterial-fungal interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 5: 340-9.
Ruiz Barahona AG and Salinas Almendárez CJ. Estudio comparativo entre las técnicas, Frotis sanguíneo, Inmunocromatografía y Biología molecular para la identificación de Ehrlichia Canis. Tesis de Licenciatura molecular. Universidad Nacional Agraria. Facultad De Ciencia Animal. 2018.
Salazar H, Buriticá EF, Echeverry DF, Barbosa IX. Seroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis y su relación con algunos parámetros clínicos y hematológicos en caninos admitidos en clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Ibagué (Colombia). Rev. Colombiana Cienc. Anim. 2014; 7: 56-63.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
LicenseRevista Veterinaria (Rev. Vet.) maintains a commitment to the policies of Open Access to scientific information, as it considers that both scientific publications as well as research investigations funded by public resources should circulate freely without restrictions. Revista Veterinaria (Rev. Vet.) ratifies the Open Access model in which scientific publications are made freely available at no cost online.
