Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of herbicide 2,4-D in Piaractus mesopotamicus by micronucleus test

C. F. Cowper; M. J. Jorge; L. C. Jorge

doi:10.30972/vet.3124739

Authors

C. F. Cowper Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste.
M. J. Jorge Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste.
L. C. Jorge Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3124739

Keywords:

Piaractus mesoptamicus, 2.4-D, mutagenicity, micronucleus and alteration in the shape of nuclei

Abstract

The herbicide 2,4-D is currently one of the most used agrochemicals in agriculture. The fish are target of contamination, these when being in contact with toxics develop later alterations that can be studied, reason why they are used as models in the evaluation of aquatic ecosystems. There is scarce information about the effects of these pesticides in fish. Because of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the possible impact of a contamination with 2,4-D, in sub-lethal concentrations in Piaractus mesopotamicus, through the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and alterations in the shape of the nuclei (NMA) in peripheral blood erythrocytes in chronic conditions (70 days). Two trials were conducted, one with the herbicide 2,4-D pure (P) and another with a commercial formulation (2,4-D bitter amine) (FC). Each experience was composed of five aquariums with two specimens in each, where different concentrations of the pesticide were administered (1 ppm, 1.8 ppm, 3.2 ppm, 5.6 ppm and 10 ppm), and in another with well water (control). A total of 4000 cells per individual were analyzed. Through the test MN and NMA the presence of diverse nuclear alterations was evidenced. The mentioned test for P and dilutions 1 ppm, 1.8 ppm, 3.2 ppm, 5.6 ppm of FC did not show significant differences with the control, while the concentration of 10 ppm of FC differed statistically from its control, this could be due to additional components in FC.

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